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Gold Investment and the Gold Fix by Andrea Fox
The Gold Fixing, or the London Gold Fixing or Gold Fix, is the procedure by which the price of gold price of gold is set on the London market by the five members of the London Gold Pool. It is designed to fix a price for settling contracts between members of the London bullion market, but, informally, the Gold Fixing provides a recognized rate that is used as a benchmark for pricing the majority of gold products throughout the world's markets.
The gold price fix takes place twice daily at 10.30am and 3pm, London time.
The first fixing took place on September 12, 1919 amongst the five principal gold bullion traders and refiners of the day. The price of gold then was four pounds 18 shillings and ninepence per troy ounce.
Due to government controls and war emergencies, the London Gold Fixing was suspended between 1939 and 1954.
price of gold are fixed in United States dollars (USD), Pound sterling (GBP) and European Euros (EUR).
Historically, the Fixing took place twice daily at the City offices of N M Rothschild & Sons in St Swithin's Lane, but since May 5 2004 it takes place by telephone. In April 2004, N M Rothschild & Sons announced that it planned to withdraw from gold trading and from the London Gold Fixing. Barclays Bank took its place from 7 June 2004, and the chairmanship of the meeting, formerly held permanently by Rothschilds, now rotates annually.
On January 21 1980 the Gold Fixing reached the price of $850, a figure which was not overtaken until January 3 2008. This is when a new record of $865.35 per troy ounce was set in the morning Fixing. However, with inflation, the 1980 high would be equal to a price of $2398.21 in 2007 dollars. So, the 1980 record still holds in real terms.
While gold is traded in markets throughout the world, the market is essentially homogenous since the gold price is always in dollars and the gold traded is "loco London" (gold deliverable in London and meeting London trading standards). The London PM fix is normally considered the main reference price for the day and is the price most often used in contracts. The price of gold is quoted in USD per troy ounce.
Since May 2004 it has been conducted by telephone. The chairman begins with a 'trying' price. The five fixing members' representatives relay the price to their dealing rooms. And these are in contact with other dealers. The market members then declare how much gold they are prepared to buy or sell at that price. The dealers, who are in contact with their clients, may change their order or add to it or cancel it at any time; the position declared by the dealers is the net position outstanding among all their clients. (If one is buying two tonnes and another is selling one tonne, then he declares himself a buyer of one tonne.) If more gold is required than is offered, then the price will be adjusted upwards (and vice versa) until equilibrium is reached. At this point the gold price is fixed. On very rare occasions the price will be fixed when there is disequilibrium, at the discretion of the chairman of the fix.
A tradition of the London Gold Fixing was that participants could raise a small Union Flag on their desk to pause proceedings. Under the telephone fixing system, participants can register a pause by saying the word "flag", and the chair ends the meeting with the phrase "There are no flags, and we're fixed".
Gold as an investment and how the market affects gold price.
Given the huge quantity of stored gold, compared to the annual production, the price of gold is mainly affected by changes in sentiment, rather than changes in annual production.
When dollars were fully convertible into gold, both were regarded as money. However, most people preferred to carry around paper banknotes rather than the somewhat heavier and less divisible gold coins. If people feared their bank would fail, a bank run might have been the result. This is what happened in the USA during the Great Depression of the 1930s, leading President Roosevelt to impose a national emergency and to outlaw the ownership of gold by US citizens.
If the return on bonds, equities and real estate is not adequately compensating for risk and inflation then the demand for gold and other alternative investments such as commodities increases. An example of this is the period of Stagflation that occurred during the 1970s and which led to an economic bubble forming in precious metals.
Influence on gold price:
The day price of gold is driven by supply and demand. Because most of the gold ever mined still exists and is potentially able to come on to the market for the right price, unlike most other commodities, the hoarding and disposal plays a much bigger role in affecting the price. At the end of 2006, it was estimated that all the gold ever mined totaled 158,000 tons.
In times of national crisis, people fear that their assets may be seized and that the currency may become worthless. They see gold as a solid asset which will always buy food or transportation. Thus in times of great uncertainty, particularly when war is feared, the demand for gold rises.
Investing in Gold
Investing in the US
In the worst financial crisis since the great depression, the U.S. government has responded with $13.5 trillion in pledged or potential outlays. Meanwhile, rising unemployment and slumping corporate profits are crimping the U. S. Treasury's tax revenue.
Because the credit worthiness of the U. S. government is raising concern, it's no surprise that the eagerness of foreign governments and investors for dollar-denominated investments has diminished.
The dollar's standing as the world's de facto reserve currency is impaired. Nations are looking to diversify their foreign exchange reserves away from the dollar and showing a liking for the price of gold. The combination of liquidity circulating through the U. S. economy and a tanking dollar stokes inflation. Gold is being sought out as a safe-haven by investors who sense the threat of inflation.
Gold Price Outlook
Gold is once again approaching the psychologically important $1,000 per ounce mark. Rallies in the price of gold have peaked in the $900-1,000 per ounce range three times since the start of 2008. I believe gold will crack the four-figure mark in 2009 and move on to exceed its 2008 highs. Given the state of the U. S. economy and the monumental challenges ahead, the $1,000 per ounce figure can well become a support or floor for a long time to come.
Gold is the most popular precious metal in which people invest. It is a safe-haven agaainst any economic, political, social or currency-based crises, such as: investment market declines, currency failure, inflation, war and social unrest.
Throughout history gold has often been used as money and, instead of quoting the gold price , all other commodities were measured in gold. After World War II a gold standard was established following the 1946 Bretton Woods conference, fixing the gold price at $35 per troy ounce.
The system held up until 1971 Nixon Shock, when the US stopped the direct convertibility of the United States dollar to gold. Since 1968 the usual benchmark for the price of gold is known as the London Gold Fixing, a twice-daily (telephone) meeting of representatives from five bullion-trading firms. Furthermore, there is active gold trading based on the intra-day spot price derived from gold-trading markets around the world as they open and close throughout the day.
European Central Banks renew sales pact and Boost Gold
Europe agreed to renew their pact to cap sales of gold for another five years causing gold prices to boost.
This reaffirmed gold's status as a key reserve asset. Also, the new Central Bank Gold Agreement reduced the maximum amount of gold that can be sold by the signatories.
Under a new deal to replace the current five-year pact, the limit for sales has gone down to 2,000 tons from 2,500 tons. Annual sales are now capped at 400 tons, down 25% from 500 tons - a quota that was not reached in recent years.
Gold sales were first capped by European in 1999 in an attempt to reduce market volatility. Their agreement to prevent markets being flooded with the gold has been an important factor in its rally over recent years.
Because of the recent economic plummet, gold's status as a safe-haven asset has also helped boost the price of gold.
The new deal and its tighter sales quotas help cement a view that the days are over of central banks' anti-gold stance and the kind of big sales announcements - notably by the Bank of England at the end of the 1990s - that led to wild swings in prices.
The World Gold Council welcomed the new deal. "The announcement is a clear endorsement of gold's role in today's global economic and financial architecture and a reflection of the success of the previous Central Bank Gold Agreements," said chief executive, Aram Shishmanian.
"The agreement to limit the sale of gold over the five-year period to 2,000 tons demonstrates that, at a time of continued market volatility and inflationary fears, gold's unique investment qualities provide the necessary hedge and protection that central banks are seeking.
"The reduction in the annual ceiling on sales ... reflects an acknowledgment of the fact that the central banks' appetite for sales is diminishing."
http://www.goldcoinsgain.com/Gold-Prices-Gold-Price-Price-of-Gold-Gold-Spot-Current-Gold-Prices-Gold-Charts/
Article Source: http://www.earticlesonline.com/Article/Gold-Investment-and-the-Gold-Fix/627906
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